Privacy Policy

Welcome to our website. To help you use our services with confidence, we explain our privacy policy below to safeguard your rights. Please read the following information carefully:

Scope of the Privacy Policy: This privacy policy applies to all personal data collected by this website, including how we collect, process, and use such data when you use our services. This policy does not apply to other linked websites or personnel not managed by this website.
Collection, Processing, and Use of Personal Data: When you visit our website or use our services, we may ask for necessary personal information, which will be processed and used only for specified purposes. Without your written consent, we will not use your personal data for other purposes.
Legal Basis for Processing Data: We process your personal data based on your consent, to fulfill contractual obligations, or for our legitimate business interests, such as enhancing user experience or conducting analysis.
Data Protection: We adopt multiple security measures to protect your personal data, including firewalls and antivirus systems. Only authorized personnel can access your data, and they must sign confidentiality agreements. When we outsource services, we require that they comply with confidentiality obligations and ensure data security.
External Links: Our web pages may contain links to external websites. These linked websites do not fall under our privacy policy, and you should refer to their respective privacy policies.
Sharing Personal Data with Third Parties: We do not provide, exchange, rent, or sell your personal data to third parties, except as required by law or contractual obligations. We may share your data under the following circumstances:
- With your written consent.
- As required by law.
- To protect your life, body, freedom, or property from danger.
- For statistical or academic research with public institutions or academic research organizations, ensuring data is anonymized.
- When your actions on the website violate the terms of service, necessitating identification, contact, or legal action.
Data Retention: We retain personal data only for as long as is necessary to fulfill the purposes outlined in this policy, or as required by law. When the retention period ends, we delete or anonymize the data to ensure privacy.
Your Rights: Under applicable privacy laws, you have the right to request access to your personal data, correct inaccuracies, request deletion of your data, object to processing, and request data portability. You also have the right to lodge a complaint with a supervisory authority.
Use of Cookies: To provide you with the best service experience, we use cookies on your device. If you do not wish to accept cookies, you can increase the privacy level in your browser settings to refuse cookies. This may, however, affect the availability of certain features. You can also manage your cookie preferences through our Cookie Settings.
Privacy Policy Revisions: We may revise the privacy policy as needed, and any changes will be published on this website to ensure you are informed of how we handle your personal data.

DVI (Digital Visual Interface)

The full name of DVI is Digital Visual Interface. It is a video interface standard designed to enhance the display quality of personal computer monitors through digital transmission. It is currently widely used in LCDs, digital projectors, and other display devices. This standard was developed by the Digital Display Working Group (DDWG), a forum of several leading manufacturers in the display industry.

The DVI interface can transmit uncompressed digital video data to display devices. This specification is partially compatible with the HDMI standard.

The protocol of the DVI interface allows the brightness and color signals of pixels to be transmitted from the signal source (such as a graphics card) to the display device in binary format. When the display device is driven at its native resolution, it simply needs to read the value data of each pixel sent from the DVI and apply it to the correct position. Compared to analog transmission, pixel data can be affected by neighboring pixel data, electromagnetic noise, and other analog distortions. In this method, each pixel in the output register directly corresponds to each pixel on the display, ensuring basic picture quality.

Prior to this, the standard for analog video data transmission, such as VGA, was designed for display devices based on cathode ray tubes, where the transmission unit was horizontal scan lines, thus not using digital discrete signals. The analog video signal was controlled by changing the output voltage to adjust the density of the electron beam during scanning, thereby representing brightness and chroma.

However, when digital display devices like LCDs started to be practical, sending analog signals to digital displays required the device to sample the scan line signals at a specific frequency and convert them back to digital format. Sampling errors could degrade picture quality. Furthermore, when the signal source is a computer, the graphics card converts the digital video signal to analog output, which is then converted back to digital by the LCD display. This process is clearly redundant, which is why DVI became widely used as LCD displays became mainstream.

The DVI data format comes from the PanelLink technology developed by semiconductor manufacturer Silicon Image (this technology was first applied in laptops) and uses Transition Minimized Differential Signaling (TMDS) technology to ensure the stability of high-speed serial data transmission. A single link DVI channel includes four twisted pairs (red, green, blue, clock signal), with 24 bits of data per pixel. The timing of the signals is very similar to VGA. The picture is transmitted line by line, and a specific blanking time (similar to analog scan lines) is added after each line and each frame is transmitted, without packetizing the data or only updating the portions that change between frames. Each frame is fully retransmitted upon update.

The maximum resolution for single link DVI is 2.6 million pixels, with a refresh rate of 60 times per second. The new DVI specification provides an additional DVI link channel, and when two links are used together, they can provide additional bandwidth, called dual-link DVI operation mode. The DVI specification defines a bandwidth limit of 165 MHz; when the display mode requirements are below this bandwidth, only single link operation should be used, otherwise it should automatically switch to dual link. Additionally, the second link can also be used to transmit pixel color data exceeding 24 bits.

Furthermore, the DVI connector, like the VGA interface, also has pins for the DDC-2 protocol so that the graphics card can read the EDID (Extended Display Identification Data) of the monitor, helping the graphics card determine its possible output resolutions.

The DVI connector not only includes the digital signal pins specified by the DVI standard but may also include pins for traditional analog signals (VGA). This design is intended to maintain the universality of DVI so that different types of displays can share the same type of connection cable. Depending on the implementation, the DVI connector is divided into three types:

DVI-D (transmits only digital signals)
DVI-A (transmits only analog signals)
DVI-I (can transmit both digital and analog signals)

Additionally, connectors implementing a second DVI link are sometimes referred to as DVI-DL (dual link).

Some newer DVD players, televisions (including HDTV), and projectors use the so-called DVI/HDCP connector, which looks identical to DVI but transmits data that is encrypted with HDCP protocol to prevent illegal copying. Nowadays, computers equipped with DVI interface graphics cards often use the aforementioned display devices as large screens. However, because most graphics cards produced before 2007 do not support HDCP, they may be limited by copyright protection technology and unable to play HDCP-protected video content at the highest resolution.

Furthermore, the analog pins of DVI-D are intentionally designed to be shorter than the corresponding pins of DVI-I to prevent users from mistakenly inserting a DVI-I plug into a DVI-D socket.